Acne Skin Care Information
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Acne Skin Treatment - acne can have a negative effect on your self confidence. Fortunately, there is prescription acne treatment that will control your acne and prevent further acne outbreaks in the future.

Do you suffer from acne? Do you want non oily clear skin free from acne? Do you want to know about the acne treatment most recommended by dermatologist.

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Acne represents one of the most common skin diseases. Acne is believed to be secondary to the obstruction of specialized follicles which are located mainly on the back, chest and face. Excessive amounts of a substance called sebum (white thick oily substance) are produced by the sebaceous (oil) glands. These follicles slough off an excessive number of cells, the sloughed cells often obstruct the opening of the follicle. This can cause an inflamed lesion known as a comedo. Comedos are later infected with a local bacteria, Propioni bacterium Acnes. The lesion subsequently produces the the classic signs of redness and swelling of the infected area.

Acne Treatment
(Effective treatment for acne.)

If you suffer with severe acne or acne that is not responding to any of the over the counter acne treatments.  Remember,  the type and extent of the acne, as well as, other underlying factors should be considered prior to treatmenting your acne. In fact,  a fewdrugs may actually cause acne as a side effect or even exacerbate your current acne. The use of certain oil based cosmetics may also precipitate acne.

Many acne skin care products used to treat acne can aggravate the skin resulting in dry skin, peeling, or possibly increased sensitivity to sunlight. You should address the current skin care products you are currently using prior to beginning treatment with any prescription acne treatment. In addition, you should avoid acne treatment products that are strongly fragranced or alcohol based. Search for acne treatment products that are described as "oil free" or "non-comedogenic" on the label.

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Your Acne treatment should include a mild cleanser and application of a non-comedogenic sunscreen for those areas exposed to excessive sunlight. If irritation, peeling and/or dryness occurs following the use of these products, you should apply an oil free moisturizer to the treatment plan.

Please note: If you have chronic acne do not need to use a moisturizer on a regular basis.

Treatment For Acne, The facts:

The following is a list of general principles concerning the treatment of acne:

• You should cleanse your face twice daily with a mild soap and water or an antiseptic wash.
  
  
• Avoid abrasive skin treatments these products can aggravate both comedones and inflammatory lesions.
   
• Acne skin care products should be applied to all areas affected by acne, not just to a small area surrounding the current pimple or blackhead.
   
• The products should be applied only to clear dry skin.
   
• Acne products often cause often cause dryness particularly in the first 2-4 weeks of use. The skin will usually adjust to the treatment and will not appear as dry shortly after treatment.
  
  
• You should apply an oil-free moisturizer only if the affected skin is irritated or peeling.
   
• Avoid excessively humid conditions such as a sauna, working in an unventilated kitchen or tropical vacations.
   
• Avoid picking, scratching or otherwise irritating the acne.

Topical Acne Treatments

Topical acne treatments include a wide variety of creams, lotions, gels or solutions. These products use a combination of benzoyl peroxide, alphahydroxy acids, antibiotics, salicyclic acid,  retinoids and most importantly (vitamin A derivatives) such as tretinoin.

When over the counter treatment options do not provide relief from the acne you will need to use prescription acne treatments. The most effective prescription topical acne skin care products contain a vitamin A derivative such as tretinoin, isotretinoin.

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Different Forms of Retin A

Retin-A - there are three different forms of Retin A., cream, gel and liquid. They are available in different strengths. Retin A is an effective prescription acne treatment.

Retin-A (tretinoin) is indicated for topical application in the treatment of acne. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, Retin A is thought to loosen and expel existing acne plugs in the skin and prevent new acne from forming. Retin A directly attacks the primary cause of acne, the plug.

In clinical studies, the overwhelming majority of patients treated with Retin A acne treatment noticed clear skin without the signs of acne in just a few days.

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Retin A Micro Conclusions

Retin A works two to three times faster than other acne treatments. Simply apply the Retin A Mircro cream once or twice a day and in a few shorts days you will have clearer skin free from acne.

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Understanding Acne

Know how acne develops so you can order the most effective  acne treatment The following represents an explanation on how acne forms:

Acne begins as a pore around a hair follicle. Cells from the lining of the hair follicle are shed and clump together blocking the sebum, (normal secretion that lubricates the skin), from exiting the pore to the skin surface.

When the normal outlet for the hair follicle is blocked, the sebum and dead skin cells begin to accumulate. Bacteria that is natural to the surface of the skin can then begin to mix with the dead skin cells and sebum causing infection.

This infection appears as redness, swelling and pus. Although the topical part of the infection looks unsightly, the actual damage is happening below the skin.

Squeezing or trying to "pop" an infected pimple creates pressure which causes the infection to spread,  may result scaring. Individuals should refrain form actively squeezing or "popping" pimples.

When the underlying damage is severe, scar tissue may form which resembles a depression or the common term "pitted" skin surface.

Common Myths Concerning Acne

The following is a list of common myths concerning the causes of acne:

• Acne is not contagious and cannot be spread to other people.
   
• Acne somehow is an allergy. Acne is not an allergic disease.
   
• Acne is secondary to poor personal hygiene.
   
• Acne is not caused by poor personal hygiene. In fact excessive scrubbing or cleaning often will make the acne worse.
   
• Sunlight is beneficial for acne. Most dermatologists agree that sunlight and ultraviolet light has no beneficial effect in the treatment of acne. Excessive sunlight and ultraviolet light may cause premature ageing and skin cancer.
   
• Acne is a result of certain foods we consume. Acne was often thought to be caused by the consumption of certain foods i.e. chocolates, dairy foods, soft drinks, citrus and various other foods and beverages. Clinical studies have shown that individuals who change their diet did not have significant changes in the their acne. All adolescents should follow a healthy diet, however, eating, on occasion the common fast foods and deserts will not have a significant effect on the their acne.

Types of Acne

The next sections addresses the most common types of acne. Acne is classified into several types including the following:

Acne Vulgaris (most common acne) - condition of the sebaceous glands of the skin. Sebaceous glands surround each hair follicle and produce sebum, (white thick oily substance), produced to lubricate the hair. Acne Vulgaris usually appears one to two years prior to puberty and is prompted by stimulation of the facial sebaceous glands the male hormones, androgens.. Women also produce small quantities of these male hormones contributing to their acne. Recent studies have suggested that those individuals with acne have an increased sensitivity to the androgens rather than increased levels of the hormones.

Comedonal Acne - refers to the pattern of acne in which most lesions are comedones or blackheads that are located on the chin and/or forehead of the patient. Open comedones are blackheads secondary to the presence of surface pigment (melanin) as compared whiteheads that are closed comedones that contains particle such as dirt. The cells lining the sebaceous duct proliferate excessively in this form of acne blocking the sebaceous duct forming a comedone.

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Infantile Acne - effects newborn babies that often get mild acne primarily on their faces. Infantile acne generally affects the cheeks, chin and forehead. As with other forms of acne infantile acne is more common amongst male and usually only lasts a few months. However, infants with severe infantile acne are more prone to develop acne vulgaris near puberty.

Acne Conglobata - is a severe form of acne affecting the face, chest and back. Acne conglobata is a severe form of acne vulgaris. Acne conglobata is characterised by multiple inflamed and un-inflamed nodules and scars. The acne may be associated with Hidradenitis suppurativa, a condition in which similar boil-like lesions occur in the armpits, groins and under the breasts.

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Acne fulminans - is a rare and very severe form of acne conglobata associated with systemic symptoms. The acne almost always affects males. Often the acne is precipitated by the use of Testosterone.

Acne Fulminans is usually charaterized by the following:

• Quick onset
• Inflammatory and ulcerated nodular acne on chest and back
• Severe scarring
• Fluctuating fever
• Painful joints
• Malaise
• Decreased appetite and weight loss
• Raised white blood cell count

Acne Medicamentosa - is acne that is caused by or aggravated by certain medications.

Medications that can result in acne medicamentosa include the following:

• Oral steroids may cause steroid acne
• Contraceptive agents: medroxyprogesterone injection (Depo-Provera) and oral contraceptives which reduce circulating sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), can aggravate acne in females.
• Testosterone
• Anabolic steroids such as danazol, stanozolol can cause severe acne including acne conglobata and acne fulminans.

Additional medications thought to cause acne:

• Antiepileptics ( phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine)
• Antituberculous drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethionamide)
• Antidepressants (lithium, amoxapine)
• B vitamins (B12, cyanocobalamin)
• Halogens (iodides, chlorides, bromides, halothane)
• Cyclosporin

Acne excorié - is a term used to describe individuals that excessively pick at their lesions removing the active lesions and comedones resulting in only scratch marks, sores and scares.. Most individuals are guilty of picking or squeezing their lesions. However, physicians do not approve of this method of treatment because this can result in infection and excessive scarring. Acne excorié is more common in females than males, and is often an indication of stress or depression.

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Acne Scarring - affects some 30 percent of those individuals with moderate to severe acne vulgaris. Scarring is particularly common in acne conglobata and acne fulminans. Scarring results from a fibrous process in which new collagen is laid down to heal the injured cells. The new collagen subsequently results in excessive "scare tissue". You should seek treatment early to help reduce future scarring.

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Additional Acne Treatment Options

Acne that is more severe or resistant to topical treatment can be treated with oral medications. Oral antibiotics are effective in treating acne, however like topical preparations, they do not cure acne, and may need to be taken for a prolonged period of time.

Oral antibiotics as an acne treatment i.e. tetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline or erythromycin remain the mainstay of oral treatment for acne that is resistant to topical treatment. Maximum benefit may take several months, and the dose should be adjusted to achieve and maintain satisfactory control of acne. In addition, caution should be used when using antibiotic treatment such as tetracycline secondary to increased sensitivity to the sun.

Oral hormonal therapy as an acne treatment - is often used effectively in females with acne. Women who benefit most from hormonal treatment are typically in their 20s or 30s, and have a history of failed treatment, or an intolerance to standard acne therapies (both topical and systemic).

In addition, many have a history of menstrual irregularities, premenstrual acne flare-up, and facial oiliness. Hormonal treatment is generally not used in the most severe forms of acne, nodular/cystic acne. While certain popular oral contraceptive pills can result in an increase in acne while other oral contraceptives can help improve acne. The progesterone component of the pill largely determines whether a brand of pill will exacerbate or improve acne.

When a woman in her late thirties or early forties develops acne increased androgen production is suspected. In almost all adult female patients with this condition, supplemental progesterone clears the skin. One hypothesis is that ovarian follicle depletion leading to progesterone deficiency results in increased adrenal production of androgens. When progesterone is re-supplied, androgen production goes down and the skin clears.

Some patients also benefit from the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as ibuprofen or naproxen.

Oral isotretinoin as an acne treatment - a vitamin A derivative, is also used in more severe cases of acne. Oral isotretinoin, is commonly used to treat severe cystic acne, and can be very effective in these severe and potentially scaring cases of acne. Oral Isotretinoin is usually given for a 4-6 month course which will improve a large number of individuals' acne. However, many individuals will experience some recurrence of their acne, which is often much less severe, but may require additional oral isotretinoin treatment. Oral isotretinoin treatment is usually limited to those individuals with severe acne secondary to the severe side effects associated with the medication. Common side effects associated with oral isotretinoin include: dry skin often resulting in dermatitis, cracked dry lips, irritation to the nose and eyes.

Oral isotretinoin is strictly controlled secondary to its potential effect on an unborn fetus if taken during pregnancy. It is essential that all females of potential child bearing age are counseled prior to treatment and that these women be on a suitable contraceptive routine. Isotretinion has no adverse effects on male fertility.

Physical Treatments For Severe Acne

The following is a brief list of physical treatment options:

Sunlight or ultraviolet light can act as an anti-inflammatory agent providing some relief. However, sun exposure results in ageing skin and can result in skin cancer.

• Cryotherapy (freezing acne treatment) - is sometimes used by dermatologist to control new nodules.
   
• Intralesional steroid injections - can be used to shrink older nodules.
   
• Cautery or diathermy - cautery or diathermy involves the use of an instrument to produce heat to the nodules.

Acne Treatment Conclusions

 Without a doubt Retin A remains the most recommended acne skin care treatment. More Retin A is prescribed by dermatologist than all the other topical acne skin care products combined. Clinical study after clinical study reveal that Retin A is two to three times more effective than other topical acne skin care treatments.

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